Publication Date: 2020/05/28

TORONTO, 28 May 2020 – The economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic could push up to 86 million more children into household poverty by the end of 2020, an increase of 15 per cent, according to a new analysis released today by Save the Children and UNICEF. 

The analysis highlights that, without urgent action to protect families from the financial hardships caused by the pandemic, the total number of children living below the national poverty line in low- and middle-income countries could reach 672 million by year-end. Nearly two-thirds of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. 

Countries across Europe and Central Asia could see the most significant increase, up to 44 per cent across the region. Latin America and the Caribbean could see a 22 per cent increase. 

“The costs of the COVID-19 crisis for children are immediate and if unaddressed, they may persist throughout their lives,” said David Morley, President & CEO of UNICEF Canada. “Let’s take this opportunity to build back better; investments in education, child protection, health and nutrition, and water and sanitation will reduce the damage caused by COVID-19 and help unlock the potential of every child.” 

Save the Children and UNICEF warn that the impact of the global economic crisis caused by the pandemic and related containment policies is two-fold. Immediate loss of income means families are less able to afford the basics, including food and water. Such economic stress can also lead to long-lasting negative effects for children, particularly for girls, such as increased gender-based violence, abuse and neglect, child and early forced marriage, child exploitative and harmful work, and decreases in girls and boys returning to school. 

For the poorest families, lack of access to social care services or compensatory measures further limits their ability to abide by containment and physical distancing measures, and thus further increases their exposure to infection.

“The shocking poverty impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic will hit children hard. Children are highly vulnerable to even short periods of hunger and malnutrition—potentially affecting them for their whole life. If we act now and decisively, we can prevent and contain the pandemic threat facing the poorest countries and some of the most vulnerable children. This report should be a wake-up call for the world. Poverty is not inevitable for children,” said Save the Children Canada CEO, Bill Chambers.

Before the pandemic, two-thirds of children worldwide did not have access to any form of social protection, making it impossible for families to withstand financial shocks when they hit and furthering the vicious cycle of intergenerational poverty. Only 16 per cent of children in Africa are covered by social protection. 

Hundreds of millions of children remain multidimensionally poor - meaning they lack access to health care, education, proper nutrition, or adequate housing – often a reflection of inequitable investments by governments in social services. 

For children living in countries already affected by conflict and violence, the impact of this crisis will further increase the risk of instability and of households falling into poverty. The Middle East and North Africa region, home to the highest number of children in need due to conflict, has the highest unemployment rate among young people and the highest gap globally between female and male employment, while nearly half of all children in the region live in multidimensional poverty. 

To address and mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on children in poor households, Save the Children and UNICEF call for rapid and large-scale expansion of child-friendly social protection systems and programs including cash transfers, school feeding and child benefits – which address the specific patterns of child poverty, gender inequalities and vulnerability in the immediate financial needs and which lay the foundation for countries to build back better and prepare for future shocks. 

Governments must also invest in other forms of social protection, fiscal policies, employment and labour market interventions to support families, particularly targeting women and youth. This includes expanding universal access to quality healthcare and strengthening access to quality nutrition and sexual reproductive health services; and investing in family-friendly policies which respond to the different needs of girls, boys and their families, such as paid leave and policies to address unpaid childcare work and its impact on women’s economic opportunities. 

Since COVID-19 hit, many countries have already scaled up their social protection programs. For example: 

  • In Indonesia, the Kartu Sembako program, which provides monthly cash assistance for basic family consumption, expanded its reach to 20 million. Monthly cash assistance to families increased from Rp150 thousand to Rp200 thousand;
  • In Mongolia, the government increased their Child Money Programme monthly benefit by five times from MNT 20,000 per month to MNT 100,000 for a duration of 6 months.
  • In Argentina, the Universal Child Allowance programme provided an increase of $3,100 Argentine pesos (US$47) for its current beneficiaries;
  • And in South Africa, several social protection schemes, including the child support grant which reaches 12.8 million children, are providing additional top-ups.
  • In Georgia, the Targeted Social Assistance (TSA) programme will be temporarily expanded to provide support to an additional 70,000 families; as well as provide an extra 100 GEL (US$31) a month to 21,000 TSA households with three or more children for 6 months.
  • In Armenia, eligible families enrolled in the family benefit system will receive a top-up equal to 50 per cent of the benefit.
  • In Colombia, the government has created the Solidarity Income Program to provide cash transfers to households that do not currently receive benefits from any other National Government programmes. As of 21 May, more than 2 million vulnerable families had received a 320,000 peso transfer (equivalent to US$81) through two equal payments made during March and May.
  • In Peru, the Government is providing solidarity bonus to rural households, independent workers and vulnerable families, as well a new universal bond, for 6.8 million households. Specific focus is needed to reach people living in remote areas, indigenous populations and migrants.

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Notes to editors:

The analysis is based on economic projections by the IMF and World Bank, historical evidence on past income distribution changes from UNU WIDER, and demographic data from MICS and DHS. The county by country data covers over 100 low- and middle-income countries.

About Save the Children

For over 100 years, Save the Children has advanced children’s rights in Canada and around the world. We do whatever it takes every day and in times of crisis — to give children a healthy start in life, the opportunity to learn and protection from harm. We strive to ensure children’s unique needs are met and their voices are heard— transforming their lives and the future we share. Because we believe every girl and boy has the right to survive and thrive. Follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.

For more information on Covid-19, visit: www.savethechildren.ca/coronavirus

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About UNICEF

UNICEF is the world’s leading humanitarian organization focused on children. We work in the most challenging areas to provide protection, healthcare and immunizations, education, safe water and sanitation and nutrition. As part of the United Nations, our unrivaled reach spans more than 190 countries and territories, ensuring we are on the ground to help the most disadvantaged children. While part of the UN system, UNICEF relies entirely on voluntary donations to finance our life-saving work. Please visit unicef.ca and follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.

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